Insulator yog ib qho insulator siv los txhawb cov hlau, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv rwb thaiv tsev ntawm sab nraud nyob conductors ntawm overhead kis thiab tis kab, fais fab nroj tsuag thiab substations thiab ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Feem ntau, nws yog ua los ntawm cov cement lossis mechanical card nrog insulating qhov chaw (xws li iav, ceramic) thiab hlau qhov chaw (xws li steel taw, steel caps, flanges, thiab lwm yam). Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov insulators muaj xws li hluav taws xob, mechanical thiab thermal zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev laus ua haujlwm. Thaum qhov hluav taws xob theem ntawm insulator nce, nws qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav kuj nce ntxiv, tab sis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo dua qub, thiab cov cua kub tsis kam hloov pauv sai sai.
(1) Kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob: Kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev yog hu ua flashover, thiab flashover yam ntxwv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm insulators. Rau qhov sib txawv voltage, insulator withstand voltage qhov yuav tsum tau sib txawv, nws cov cim muaj xws li lub hwj chim zaus qhuav, ntub voltage tsis kam, xob laim cuam tshuam voltage kuj, xob laim cuam tshuam qhov hluav taws xob tsis kam, kev khiav hauj lwm cuam tshuam voltage kuj, thiab lwm yam. , qhov tawg voltage ntawm lub insulator yog siab tshaj qhov flashover voltage. Nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas kuaj, cov plooj (porcelain insulators) uas tuaj yeem tawg tau yog feem ntau raug kuaj xyuas, uas yog, kev kub siab tau ntxiv los ua kom nquag plias tshwm sim rau ntawm qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev, thiab tswj xyuas qee lub sijhawm kom pom tias lawv puas tawg. . Qee cov insulators kuj yuav tsum xeem dhau corona xeem, xov tooj cua cuam tshuam kev xeem, ib feem ntawm qhov paug tawm thiab kuaj dielectric poob. Insulators ntawm qhov siab siab tau txo qis hluav taws xob vim muaj huab cua tsawg, yog li lawv cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv raws li thaum hloov mus rau cov txheej txheem atmospheric. Lub flashover voltage ntawm qias neeg insulators yog tsawg dua li ntawm qhuav thiab ntub flashover voltage thaum lawv damp. Yog li ntawd, rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog los yog muaj kuab paug-resistant insulators yuav tsum tau saws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qias neeg. Qhov tshwj xeeb creepage nrug (qhov piv ntawm creepage nrug mus rau qhov ntsuas voltage) yuav tsum siab dua li cov insulators ib txwm. Piv nrog rau AC insulators, DC insulators muaj cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, adsorption ntawm cov av thiab cov nyhuv electrolytic, thiab qis dua flashover voltage. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb thiab qhov kev sib tw loj dua feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua.
(2) Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: cov insulators feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab nro ntawm cov xov hlau, cua, dej khov, qhov hnyav ntawm cov insulators, cov hlau vibration, mechanical quab yuam ntawm cov khoom lag luam, lub zog hluav taws xob luv luv, av qeeg thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. . Cov qauv tsim muaj cov kev cai nruj rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
(3) Kev ua haujlwm kub: cov insulators sab nraum zoov yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias hloov tam sim ntawd. Porcelain insulators, piv txwv li, xav tau ob peb lub voj voog ntawm cov cua sov thiab txias yam tsis muaj qhov tawg. Qhov kub thiab txias thiab qhov tso cai luv luv tam sim no tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov insulating bushing yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov qauv tsim vim tias tam sim no dhau los ntawm nws.