Lub peev xwm thiab lub peev xwm ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob tshiab los tsav cov kev lag luam ntsug tau nce tas li. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm low-carbon transformation ntawm lub hwj chim, ua kom tau ib tug ntau ruaj khov thiab ruaj ntseg zog system yuav tsum tau them ib tug tej yam nqi. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kev lag luam mechanisms yuav siv tau los yooj yim tus nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg transformation ntawm hluav taws xob.
Hluav taws xob yog qhov txuas hauv nruab nrab hauv kev ua tiav cov pa roj carbon emission txo ntawm ob sab ntawm lub zog thiab kev xav tau. Kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov yam xws li kev loj hlob ntawm macroeconomic, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam, thiab kev hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, kuv lub teb chaws qhov kev thov hluav taws xob muaj qhov chaw loj rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob sai nyob rau hauv ze rau nruab nrab lub sij hawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov saw fais fab kev lag luam txhawb nqa kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob los ntawm kev siv cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab thiab kev ua tiav thiab cov thev naus laus zis tshiab.
Nyob rau ntawm lub rooj sib tham tsis ntev los no "Lub Zog thiab Lub Hwj Chim 'Dual Carbon' Kev Hloov Path Cov Txheej Txheem Tshaj Tawm thiab Lub Rooj Sib Tham Hluav Taws Xob Digital Infrastructure Development Research Launch", cov kws tshaj lij koom nrog tau pom zoo tias lub zog tshiab txoj kev tsav tsheb thiab kev muaj peev xwm rau kev lag luam ntsug tau nce tas li, thiab nyob rau hauv qis- carbon fais fab kev lag luam Thaum lub sij hawm kev hloov pauv, kev ua tiav lub zog ruaj khov thiab ruaj ntseg yuav tsum tau them tus nqi. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kev lag luam mechanisms yuav siv tau los yooj yim tus nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg transformation ntawm hluav taws xob.
Kev lag luam saw kev nqis peev yog ze li peb npaug ntawm 10 xyoo dhau los
Raws li kev tshaj tawm ntawm ntau lub tswv yim xws li cov qauv kev txhim kho tshiab, "ob chav carbon" cov hom phiaj thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob tshiab, kev lag luam hluav taws xob tau nthuav dav nws txoj haujlwm thiab txhim kho nws txoj hauj lwm hauv kev ua haujlwm rau tag nrho kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam. Kev tsim kho lub zog tshiab yog nyob ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qauv tshiab sib xws thiab cov qauv lag luam tshiab yuav muab kev txhawb zog tshiab rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam, thiab cov khoom lag luam ntawm lub zog yuav ntxiv dag zog ntxiv.
"Lub zog hluav taws xob kev lag luam saw hlau yuav muaj peev txheej loj heev uas xav tau yav tom ntej." Fu Guanjun, tus kws tshawb fawb laus ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Zog thiab Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lub Xeev Grid Energy Institute, hais rau cov neeg sau xov xwm tias qhov kev thov peev nyiaj txhua xyoo hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm "14th Tsib Xyoo Plan" yuav tsum siab dua "12th. Tsib Xyoo Plan". Nce los ntawm 2-3 zaug hauv 13th Tsib Xyoo Plan. Lub zog kev lag luam lub peev xwm los tsav kev lag luam txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv. Thaum lub sij hawm "14th Tsib-xyoo Plan", lub zog tshiab peev tuaj yeem pab txhawb ntau dua 8% rau GDP kev loj hlob. Txhua 10 billion yuan nqis peev hauv lub zog tshiab tuaj yeem pab txhawb txog 8 billion yuan rau GDP. Kev lag luam hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm lub hauv paus tam sim no ntawm fossil zog mus rau lub zog hluav taws xob tshiab kev lag luam cov saw hlau raws li kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis. Tag nrho cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob kev lag luam saw tau qhia txog kev txhim kho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub zog khaws cia, hluav taws xob tsheb, kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab kev lag luam carbon rov ua dua tshiab. "Lub zog kev lag luam saw Upstream thiab downstream yuav qhia txog qhov txuas ntxiv."
Qhov tsis ntev los no tau tshaj tawm "Kev Ntsuam Xyuas ntawm Tuam Tshoj Lub Zog thiab Lub Zog Carbon Peak Carbon Neutrality Txoj Kev thiab Cov Teeb Meem Loj" (tom qab no hu ua "Daim Ntawv Qhia") kuj qhia tau hais tias yav tom ntej, lub zog hluav taws xob yuav txuas ntxiv nthuav dav ntawm kev tsav tsheb ntsug kev lag luam, thiab kev lag luam fais fab yuav nthuav dav los ntawm kev muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. rau cov kev daws teeb meem uas muaj cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, cov qauv kev lag luam, thiab kev lag luam reshaping.
Raws li kev lag luam sab hauv, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hluav taws xob fais fab kev lag luam saw yuav tsum tau nqis peev. Tus txheej txheem ntawm channeling peev nqi raws li kev lag luam saw yuav ua rau kom nce nqi ntawm tag nrho cov kev lag luam saw. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau cov qauv tsim sab saum toj thiab tsim cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm ntawm ntau theem ntawm kev txhim kho. txoj kev loj hlob. Thaum lub sijhawm qhia txog kev lag luam hluav taws xob tshiab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim cov cai tsim nyog los txhawb kev noj qab haus huv ntawm txoj kev lag luam, muab kev saib xyuas tsim nyog, ntxiv dag zog rau kev taw qhia ntawm thawj qhov kev tsim kho tshiab, thiab nrhiav chaw rau kev txo nqi los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis; nyob rau hauv lub mature theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tshiab fais fab system kev lag luam, ua kom tiav cov kev cai ntsuas yuav tsum tau siv los xyuas kom meej lub ruaj khov kev lag luam ntawm lub hwj chim kev lag luam saw.
Cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev lag luam pom zoo tias kuv lub teb chaws kev lag luam hluav taws xob yuav tsum suav nyiaj txiag kom tau txais kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg. "Cov nqi hluav taws xob yuav tsum tsis txhob dhau los ua lub nra ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv lub zog noj, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab txo qis emissions thiab txhawb kev siv lub zog tshiab." Gong Yishun, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lub Xeev Grid Energy Institute, tau hais rau cov neeg sau xov xwm tias tam sim no Tus nqi tag nrho ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob tau nce sai, tab sis qhov tsis muaj kev ua tau zoo tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sib tw thiab muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg. transformation ntawm lub zog kev lag luam.
Kev lag luam nyiaj txiag yuav tsum tau muab xam
Ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub zog, cov pa roj carbon tsawg, thiab kev hloov pauv nyiaj txiag yuav ua rau cov nqi nce hauv tag nrho cov kev lag luam saw. "Tshaj Tawm" qhia tau hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav hloov pauv thiab nce nyob rau lub sijhawm ze rau nruab nrab vim qhov nce ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob tshiab. Kev suav qhia tau hais tias tom qab qhov nkag mus ntawm lub zog tshiab tshaj 15%, cov nqi hluav taws xob nkag mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob sai. Nws cia siab tias tus nqi hluav taws xob hauv xyoo 2030 yuav nce 18%-20% piv rau 2020; Lub sij hawm ntev "dual carbon" transformation nqi thiab cov degree ntawm decarbonization ntawm lub hwj chim system Qhov zoo correlation, nws xav tias tus nqi ntawm lub hwj chim system ua tau zoo emissions nyob rau hauv 2060 yuav yog hais txog 17% siab tshaj ntawm cov xoom-carbon. emission scenario.
Cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev lag luam pom zoo tias kuv lub teb chaws kev lag luam hluav taws xob yuav tsum suav nyiaj txiag kom tau txais kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg. "Cov nqi hluav taws xob yuav tsum tsis txhob dhau los ua lub nra ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv lub zog noj, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab txo qis emissions thiab txhawb kev siv lub zog tshiab." Gong Yishun, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lub Xeev Grid Energy Institute, tau hais rau cov neeg sau xov xwm tias tam sim no Tus nqi tag nrho ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob tau nce sai, tab sis qhov tsis muaj kev ua tau zoo tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sib tw thiab muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg. transformation ntawm lub zog kev lag luam.
Txhim kho kev lag luam mechanism
Ntsib nrog tus nqi siab ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam ntseeg tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau cov qauv tsim sab saum toj, kev tshawb fawb txog kev npaj txoj kev hloov pauv, thiab tsim cov phiaj xwm kev loj hlob ntawm cov theem sib txawv. Nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, cov cai tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tsim los txhawb kev noj qab haus huv ntawm txoj kev lag luam, ntxiv dag zog rau kev taw qhia ntawm thawj thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, thiab nrhiav chaw rau kev txo nqi los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis.
"Yuav kom yooj yim tus nqi ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsawg, kev ncaj ncees thiab lub sijhawm yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, tus nqi mechanism yog txoj hauv kev, thiab kev sib txuas ntawm kev ua lag luam zoo thiab kev cog lus tseem ceeb yog txoj hauv kev." Gong Yichun tau hais tias lub suab suab tshuab tuaj yeem siv los tsim tus nqi hluav taws xob tsim nyog uas cuam tshuam txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev thov. , pab kom yooj yim rau kev txhim kho cov nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev lag luam zoo, thaum tsim lub lag luam mechanism, cov nqi kev pab cuam cuam tshuam rau hauv cov txheej txheem hloov pauv, xws li lub zog tshuav nyiaj li cas, muaj peev xwm lav tau, thiab kev xa rov qab thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tag nrho cov kev txiav txim siab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Raws li rau tsoomfwv cov lus cog tseg, cov cai thiab kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev tswj hwm, thiab yuav tsum muaj kev ua ntej thiab thim rov qab. "Ua lub zog cua thiab photovoltaics ua piv txwv. Los ntawm kev muab cov nyiaj pab txhawb rau kev txhim kho, txo cov nyiaj pab, ntxiv cov chav tshiab rau hauv daim phiaj sib luag, thiab tom qab ntawd txhawb kev nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam kom ua tiav kev faib tawm zoo, tsoomfwv yuav tsum tau siv cov kev taw qhia sib txawv. nyob rau theem sib txawv."
Liu Jin, tus thawj coj ntawm Management Innovation Research Office ntawm Management Consulting Institute ntawm Lub Xeev Grid Energy Research Institute, tau hais tias kev lag luam hluav taws xob thiab kev lag luam carbon (tom qab no hu ua "hluav taws xob-carbon") yog lub hauv paus kev lag luam mechanisms. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev lag luam ntawm ob lub lag luam yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab txo qis cov pa roj carbon monoxide, Txhawb kev hloov pauv ntsuab thiab cov pa roj carbon tsawg ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Kev sib koom ua lag luam hluav taws xob-cov pa roj carbon monoxide yuav tsum tsom rau plaub lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: tag nrho kev xav txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog thermal kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha ntawm hluav taws xob; txhawb nqa kev sib kis tau zoo ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon thiab hluav taws xob thiab kev sib faib cov nqi txo cov pa roj carbon; txhawb kev sib txuas ntawm carbon trading, ntsuab fais fab kev lag luam thiab ntsuab daim ntawv pov thawj trading; Tsim kom muaj lub zog ntsuab traceability certification system. "Rau cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob, thaum lub sijhawm ua lag luam carbon, tus nqi carbon tsis ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau tus nqi hluav taws xob hloov pauv, uas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob. nyob rau hauv lub zog sector thiab thawb tus nqi hluav taws xob davhlau ya nyob twg. "