Txij li thaum xyoo 1870s, kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa qhov kawg ntawm kev hloov pauv thib ob, thiab tib neeg tau nkag mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm hluav taws xob. Kev tsim hluav taws xob loj thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th hloov lub zog thawj hauv cov xwm txheej rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab tom qab ntawd muab nws rau ntau tus neeg siv los ntawm kev sib txuas, kev hloov pauv thiab kev sib txuas. Piv nrog rau lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub zog xa hluav taws xob los ntawm hluav taws xob yog cov pa roj carbon tsawg tshaj plaws thiab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo ib puag ncig, thiab tam sim no nws tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom thiab lub neej ntawm tib neeg lub neej.
Insulators yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, feem ntau suav nrog cov insulators rau kev sib kis thiab xa cov kab thiab cov insulators rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lawv dais ob lub zog ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuab thiab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob. Rau kev sib kis thiab kev faib cov kab, ntawm ib sab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob insulate conductors thiab yees, conductors thiab conductors; Ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tus kheej qhov hnyav ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab ntau yam kev ntxhov siab xws li tus neeg xyuas pib seev cev, cua load, thiab cov dej khov; hluav taws xob cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li busbars, transformers, circuit breakers, transformers, capacitors, arresters, isolating switches, reactors, valve towers, etc. yuav tsum siv cov ncej lossis hollow insulators los ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev txhawb nqa tshuab. Hollow insulators kuj tseem muaj cov haujlwm ntawm lub thawv, nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov xov xwm insulating sab hauv.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm hluav taws xob, insulators yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog tiv taus lub sij hawm ntev kev khiav hauj lwm voltage, tab sis kuj tiv taus ib ntus kev khiav hauj lwm overvoltage thiab xob laim overvoltage, thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua rau rwb thaiv tsev puas los yog nto flashover; nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm txhua yam khoom, insulators yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog tiv taus lub sij hawm ntev Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua hauj lwm load, lawv kuj yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv tej yam loads xws li typhoons ( nag xob nag cua ) thiab av qeeg ; insulators kev khiav hauj lwm sab nraum zoov yog raug rau hnyav thiab complex huab cua puag ncig thiab yuav tsum muaj huab cua tsis kam, anti-aging kev ua tau zoo thiab kev pab lub neej. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov teebmeem ntawm huab cua hnyav xws li cua, Frost, nag thiab daus, kub thiab av noo, txias txias thiab khov, ultraviolet hluav taws xob, kua qaub los nag thiab ntsev tsuag, suab puam qhuav tshav kub thiab muaj kuab paug. Yog li ntawd, kev rwb thaiv tsev sab nraud yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lav phib xaub rau kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab. Qib ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev sab nraud ncaj qha txiav txim siab seb tag nrho lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab ruaj khov.
Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Hluav Taws Xob 2020 thiab 2021 "Lub Ntiaj Teb Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Lag Luam" qhia tau tias tag nrho cov peev nyiaj txhua xyoo hauv ntiaj teb cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob tau hloov pauv ntawm kwv yees li US $ 250 billion thiab US $ 300 billion nyob rau cuaj xyoo dhau los, thiab Tuam Tshoj txoj kev nqis peev feem ntau tau ruaj khov ntawm {{4 }}%. . Raws li British GOULDEN REPORTS cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev nqis peev thoob ntiaj teb hauv cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov tshuab hauv kev xa hluav taws xob thiab kev faib tawm, tsis suav nrog kev cog lus dav dav, kev nqis peev hauv ntiaj teb hluav taws xob hauv insulators thiab fittings hauv 2015 yog US $ 23.5 billion, thiab xav tias yuav ncav cuag US $ 23.5 billion. nyob rau hauv 2025. 35.8 billion US dollars, uas qhia tau hais tias lub sab nraud rwb thaiv tsev ib feem occupies ib tug txiav txim siab feem ntawm lub hwj chim daim phiaj peev.
Tam sim no, muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm silicone roj hmab siv rau kev rwb thaiv tsev sab nraud: chav kub vulcanization (RTV) silicone roj hmab, kua silicone roj hmab (LSR) thiab kub vulcanization (HTV) silicone roj hmab. Cov roj hmab silicone sib txawv muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm sib txawv thiab qhov hnyav molecular, uas tseem ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem vulcanization molding. Cov kev sib txawv no tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm vulcanization, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub vulcanization siab thiab vulcanizing tus neeg sawv cev siv. HTV vulcanization yuav tsum muaj kev kub siab thiab kub, thaum RTV vulcanization tsuas yog yuav tsum tau nyob ze rau atmospheric siab thiab chav tsev kub, thaum LSR yuav tsum tau kub thiab pressures ntawm ob. Cov kev sib txawv no yuav cuam tshuam ntxiv rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov vulcanized silicone roj hmab kaus npog.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm silicone roj hmab feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov saw molecular. Ntawm peb hom roj hmab silicone, tsuas yog HTV silicone roj hmab molded los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias vulcanization muaj cov saw hlau ntev heev, nrog rau qhov hnyav molecular siab txog 400,000-800,000, uas yog ntau dua. Piv nrog RTV thiab LSR, qhov 10,000-100,000, qhov tseem ceeb txiav txim siab tias HTV muaj huab cua zoo dua qub xws li kev laus thaum tshav kub kub thiab ozone laus dua RTV thiab LSR; RTV yog hydroxyl-terminated, thiab nws degradation tus nqi nyob rau hauv tib yam mob yog siab tshaj li ntawm RTV thiab LSR. Methyl-terminated HTV yog ze li 50 lub sij hawm sai dua, yog li nws nthuav tawm qhov kev laus tsis zoo tshaj plaws; LSR thiab qee cov RTVs siv cov khoom siv uas tsis tshua muaj viscosity ob lub ntsiab lus, uas tsuas yog siv cov molar mass siloxane thiab cov Filler tsawg dua kom tau txais cov viscosity tsawg uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem, feem ntau tsuas yog ib qho me me ntawm silica tuaj yeem muab ntxiv los ua ib qho kev txhawb zog thiab nplaim taws. , uas txiav txim siab nws cov cua sov tsis zoo thiab taug qab tsis kam; HTV silicone roj hmab yog cov molar loj (Ib qho sib xyaw ntawm silicone polymers (ntev polymer chains) thiab ntau cov khoom siv inorganic, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog txhuas hydroxide (ATH) nplaim hluav taws kub (uas tuaj yeem siab li {{11). } }% los ntawm qhov hnyav). roj hmab muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub tsis kam, tsis kam mus taug qab thiab taug qab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv.