Txawm hais tias lwm cov ntaub ntawv polymer kuj muaj qhov zoo tau piav qhia saum toj no, tab sis tsuas yog silicone roj hmab yuav tsis ua rau muaj kuab paug ntau dhau rau ib puag ncig. Polymer insulators yog waterproof, yog li tsis muaj qhov to los yog nto arcing los ntawm cov dej poob. Silicone roj hmab insulators rov qab dej tsis kam sai dua li lwm cov polymer insulators, uas yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ib puag ncig hnyav rau lub sijhawm ntev.
1. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm silicone roj hmab
1.1 Cov yam ntxwv ntawm siloxane
1.1.1 Chemical bonds nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj ruaj khov
Cov saw tseem ceeb ntawm silicone roj hmab yog tsim los ntawm siloxane (Si-O) saw. Raws li electronegativity ntawm Si thiab O ntawm daim ntawv cog lus no yog 1.8 thiab 3.5 feem, uas txawv heev, cov qauv polarization raws li qhia hauv FIG. 1 (tso tseg) yog tsim, uas muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm ionic daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li, lub zog nyiaj ntawm Si-O yog siab dua li ntawm CC (saib Daim duab 1). Tsis tas li ntawd, vim yog cov khoom ntawm cov saw hlau tseem ceeb ionic daim ntawv cog lus, ionic zog ntawm sab saw methyl CH tsis muaj zog, thiab nws tsis yooj yim rau kev tawm tsam los ntawm lwm cov molecules, yog li nws cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov zoo. ② Vim Si tsis tsim ob npaug thiab triple daim ntawv cog lus, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tsim qhov pib ntawm cov saw tseem ceeb decomposition (vim yog vim li cas, Si-C daim ntawv cog lus ruaj khov heev), uas ua rau cov saw tseem ceeb ntawm silicone roj hmab ruaj khov dua. .
1.1.2 High flexibility polymer
Lub siloxane muaj lub kaum sab xis loj (Si-O-Si) (130 degree -160} degree) thiab siab dua ntawm kev ywj pheej tshaj li cov organic polymer (CC, C: 110 degree ). Si-O daim ntawv cog lus nrug (1.64A) kuj loj dua li ntawm CC (1.5A). Hauv lwm lo lus, cov molecules polymer txav tau yooj yim (yooj yim deformed) tag nrho.
(3) Kauv qauv (Daim duab. 2 (tso tseg))
Vim lub helical qauv ntawm polysiloxane, siloxane daim ntawv cog lus ntawm lub ntsiab saw gravitation sab hauv vim ionic daim ntawv cog lus, thiab lub lateral yog cov methyl pab pawg neeg uas tsis muaj zog sab saw sib cuam tshuam, yog li cov polysiloxane intermolecular gravitation ua me.
1.2 Cov yam ntxwv ntawm silicone roj hmab
Raws li cov yam ntxwv tshuaj tau piav qhia hauv Tshooj 1.1, silicone roj hmab muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no, uas tuaj yeem siv rau cov rwb thaiv tsev siab.
1.2.1 Kub thiab txias tsis kam
Vim yog lub zog siab zog thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov ntawm silicone roj hmab, nws cov cua sov kuj zoo dua li cov organic polymer. Ntxiv mus, vim qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov molecules, lub iav hloov pauv qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws cov khoom yuav tsis hloov thaum siv txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
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1.2.2 Dej tsis kam
Vim tias qhov chaw ntawm polysiloxane yog methyl pawg, yog li nws yog hydrophobic, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau cov dej tsis zoo.
1.2.3 Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv silicone roj hmab molecule yog tsawg dua li ntawm cov organic polymer, yog li nws cov arc tsis kam thiab to-resistant yog zoo heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm tias nws raug hlawv, nws yuav tsim cov silicon insulating, yog li nws muaj hluav taws xob zoo heev.
1.2.4 Huab cua kam rau ua
1.2.5 Permanent deformation
Silicone roj hmab muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo mus tas li deformation (ntev elongation thiab compressive mus tas li deformation) ntawm chav tsev kub / kub tshaj li cov organic polymers.
2 Kev faib tawm ntawm silicone roj hmab
Raws li cov yam ntxwv ua ntej vulcanization, silicone roj hmab tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom thiab ua kua ob hom, raws li vulcanization mechanism tuaj yeem muab faib ua peroxide vulcanization, ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv vulcanization thiab condensation tshuaj tiv thaiv vulcanization peb hom. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom thiab kua silicone roj hmab yog qhov hnyav molecular ntawm polysiloxane. Cov roj hmab silicone tuaj yeem ua vulcanized siv ob qho tib si ntawm peroxide vulcanization thiab ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, feem ntau hu ua kub kub vulcanized roj hmab (HTV) thiab kub vulcanized roj hmab (HCR) (saib Table 5, 6). Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv silicone roj hmab vulcanized los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua vulcanized ntawm chav tsev kub, nws yog hu ua kua silicone roj hmab (LSR), tsis tshua muaj kub vulcanized roj hmab (LTV) thiab ob feem ntawm chav tsev kub vulcanized roj hmab (RTV) vim txawv molding. txoj kev thiab vulcanized kub. Hauv kev tsim cov polymer insulators, kev txhaj tshuaj molding thiab pouring molding feem ntau yog siv.
Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation hom (ntub cua vulcanization) silicone roj hmab, tuaj yeem siv rau lub tsev sealant thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hnyav dilution vulcanized silicone roj hmab txheej ntawm chav tsev kub, los ntawm kev txau ua cov khoom siv tiv thaiv ceramic. insulators.
Silicone roj hmab rau polymer insulators
Raws li kev siv cov roj hmab silicone tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom.
3.1 Silicone roj hmab uas muaj txhuas hydroxide
Silicone roj hmab nrog cov dej xau zoo tiv thaiv thiab arc tsis kam tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom ntim siab ntawm aluminium hydroxide (ATH). Silicone roj hmab ntim nrog 50 qhov loj ntawm aluminium hydroxide tau tsim nyog los tiv thaiv qhov hluav taws xob siab (4.5kV), thiab muaj qhov zoo arc tsis kam, huab cua tsis kam, ntsev tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kua qaub los nag, tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev hauv cov ntsev ntsev hnyav. thaj chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj qhov siab siab ATH ntawm cov roj hmab silicone no, nws qhov tsis zoo yog siab viscosity (plasticity), tsis tshua muaj zog txhua yam thiab lwm yam.
3.2 Silicone roj hmab tsis muaj txhuas hydroxide
Hauv thaj chaw xws li sab hauv ntawm Tebchaws Europe uas tsis muaj ntsev tsuag, cov roj hmab silicone uas tsis muaj ATH tuaj yeem siv vim nws cov pa phem tsawg. Hauv qhov no, los ntawm kev xaiv cov roj hmab silicone uas tsim nyog, cov pa roj carbon monoxide dawb ntawm qhov chaw kho mob, ntxiv tuaj yeem txhim kho cov dej ntws tawm ntawm cov khoom sib txuas los txhim kho nws cov hydrophobicity, kom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov dej xau siab. Piv nrog cov roj hmab silicone uas muaj ATH, nws muaj qis viscosity, zoo dua lub cev muaj zog thiab cov khoom hluav taws xob.
3.3 Sab nraum zoov cable accessories
Raws li nws yog ib qho kev sib txuas sab nraum zoov, nws yuav tsum tiv taus cov kab xau. Cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tshua muaj elongation yam ntxwv tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev siv cov polymers nrog kev hloov kho crosslinked ntom rau siv rau hauv cov khoom uas shrinkage ntawm chav tsev kub (tsawg kub shrinkage).
3.4 Rau sab hauv tsev cable accessories
Vim tias nws yog ib qho khoom siv hauv tsev, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag ntsev yog me me, yog li nws feem ntau tsis tsim nyog kom muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov dej xau. Nws tseem yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv tsis tshua muaj deformation thaum siv rau chav sov shrinkage (tsawg kub shrinkage).
3.5 Daim ntawv thov txheej
Yog tias cov pa phem hnyav yog txau nrog silicone roj hmab txheej, nws tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo hydrophobicity rau lub sijhawm ntev. Cov insulators kuj tuaj yeem coated raws li cov pa phem, kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv txuas ntxiv thiab txuag nqi. Nws tau raug tshaj tawm tias hydrophobicity ntawm silicon-rubber insulators tuaj yeem khaws cia ntxiv yog tias lawv tau coated. Tam sim no muaj ob hom coated insulators thiab roj hmab hom insulators.
4 Cov lus kaw
Silicone roj hmab cov ntaub ntawv rau polymer insulators tau piav saum toj no. Tam sim no, ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb thiab cov tuam txhab lag luam tseem niaj hnub ua kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim. Yog tias qhov kev sim ua kom ntev tuaj yeem ua pov thawj nws txoj kev ntseeg siab, nws tuaj yeem kwv yees tias daim ntawv thov ntawm silicone roj hmab insulators yuav txuas ntxiv.