Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer uas tuaj yeem hloov cov ceramics thiab iav, silicone roj hmab tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo txij li xyoo 1960s thiab sawv tawm ntawm ntau cov polymers. Silicone roj hmab insulators muaj ntau qhov zoo dua li ceramic insulators. Ua ntej, nws yog lub teeb, yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam thiab nyab xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, ceramic insulators feem ntau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev tawg, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho kev cuam tshuam. Thiab silicone roj hmab insulators tuaj yeem tiv taus kev sib tsoo, xws li thaum lub tsheb tsoo lub xov tooj.
Txawm hais tias lwm cov ntaub ntawv polymer kuj muaj qhov zoo tau piav qhia saum toj no, tab sis tsuas yog silicone roj hmab yuav tsis ua rau muaj kuab paug ntau dhau rau ib puag ncig. Polymer insulators yog waterproof, tiv thaiv to thiab nto arcing los ntawm cov dej poob. Silicone roj hmab insulators rov qab dej tsis kam sai dua li lwm cov polymer insulators, yog li lawv yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov uas tuaj yeem siv rau qhov chaw hnyav rau lub sijhawm ntev.
1. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm silicone roj hmab
1.1 Cov yam ntxwv ntawm siloxane
1.1.1 Chemically ruaj khov bonds
Cov saw tseem ceeb ntawm silicone roj hmab yog tsim los ntawm siloxane (Si-O) chains. Txij li thaum electronegativity ntawm Si thiab O ntawm daim ntawv cog lus no yog 1.8 thiab 3.5, feem, uas txawv heev, cov qauv polarization raws li qhia hauv FIG. 1 (tso tseg) yog tsim, uas muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm ionic daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li, lub zog ntawm Si-O yog siab dua li ntawm CC (saib Daim duab 1). Tsis tas li ntawd, ① vim qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov pob txha ionic daim ntawv cog lus, cov khoom ionic ntawm sab saw methyl CH tsis muaj zog, uas tsis yooj yim rau kev tawm tsam los ntawm lwm cov molecules, yog li nws cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov zoo; ② Vim Si yuav tsis tsim ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab triple daim ntawv cog lus, yog li nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tsim qhov pib ntawm pob txha decomposition (vim yog vim li cas SI-C daim ntawv cog lus ruaj khov), uas ua rau cov pob txha ntawm silicone roj hmab ruaj khov dua.
1.1.2 High flexibility polymer
Daim ntawv cog lus Angle (Si-O-Si) ntawm siloxane loj dua (130 degree -160 degree), thiab nws cov degree ntawm kev ywj pheej siab dua li cov organic polymer (CC, C: 110 degree ). Si-O daim ntawv cog lus nrug (1.64A) kuj loj dua li ntawm CC (1.5A). Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lub polymer molecules raws li ib tug tag nrho txav tau yooj yim (yooj yim deform).
Vim lub helical qauv ntawm polysiloxane, polysiloxane daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab saw yog sab hauv vim ion daim ntawv cog lus attraction, thiab sab nraud yog cov methyl pab pawg neeg uas tsis muaj zog sab saw kev sib raug zoo, yog li ntawd intermolecular attraction ntawm polysiloxane ua me me.
1.2 Cov yam ntxwv ntawm silicone roj hmab
Raws li cov yam ntxwv tshuaj tau piav qhia hauv Tshooj 1.1, silicone roj hmab muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no, uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
1.2.1 Kub thiab txias tsis kam
Vim tias muaj kev sib raug zoo zog thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov ntawm silicone roj hmab, nws cov cua sov ua haujlwm zoo dua li cov organic polymers. Ntxiv mus, vim qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov molecules, cov iav hloov pauv qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws cov yam ntxwv yuav tsis hloov thaum siv nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
1.2.2 waterproof
Vim tias qhov chaw ntawm polysiloxane yog methyl pawg, yog li nws yog hydrophobic, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv rau cov dej tsis zoo.
1.2.3 hluav taws xob
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv silicone roj hmab molecules yog tsawg dua li ntawm cov organic polymers, yog li nws cov arc tsis kam thiab to-resistant yog zoo heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm tias combustion tseem yuav tsim cov silicon insulating, yog li nws cov hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev zoo heev. ,
png pas nrig insulator
1.2.4 Huab cua tsis kam
Txij li thaum lub zog ntawm siloxane yog siab dua li ntawm lub teeb ultraviolet, nws tsis tshua muaj peev xwm ua rau kev laus vim yog lub teeb ultraviolet. Nyob rau hauv lub ozone kuj accelerated aging test, organic polymer nyob rau hauv ob peb vib nas this mus rau ob peb teev yuav yog vim kev laus thiab tawg, thiab silicone roj hmab txawm tias tom qab 4 lub lis piam ntawm kev laus tsuas yog me ntsis txo lub zog, thiab tsis tsim cracking, uas yog, nws. ozone kuj zoo. Acid nag yog ib qho sib xyaw ntawm ions nrog PH txog 5.6, thiab cov tshuaj tau siv rau hauv cov kua qaub los nag kuaj (500 zaug). Silicone roj hmab muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo heev, txawm hais tias cov roj hmab silicone hauv cov kua qaub los nag thiab lwm yam kev sib xyaw kuj tseem muaj qhov sib txawv, tab sis kuv ntshai tias cov nyhuv tsis loj.
1.2.5 Permanent deformation
Cov yam ntxwv deformation mus tas li (ntev elongation thiab compressive tas mus li deformation) ntawm silicone roj hmab ntawm chav tsev kub / kub kub yog zoo dua li cov organic polymers.
2 Kev faib tawm ntawm silicone roj hmab
Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm silicone roj hmab ua ntej vulcanization tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom thiab cov kua ob hom, tuaj yeem muab faib ua peroxide vulcanization, ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv vulcanization thiab condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv vulcanization peb hom raws li vulcanization mechanism. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom thiab kua silicone roj hmab yog nyob rau hauv molecular hnyav ntawm polysiloxane. Cov roj hmab silicone tuaj yeem ua tau vulcanized nrog ob qho tib si ntawm peroxide vulcanization thiab ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab feem ntau hu ua kub vulcanized roj hmab (HTV) thiab kub vulcanized roj hmab (HCR). Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv ua kua silicone roj hmab vulcanized los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv kuj tuaj yeem ua vulcanized nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, tab sis vim yog txoj kev molding thiab vulcanization kub txawv thiab hu ua kua silicone roj hmab (LSR), tsis tshua muaj kub vulcanized roj hmab (LTV) thiab ob chav tsev kub. vulcanized roj hmab (RTV), thiab lwm yam hauv kev tsim cov polymer insulators, txhaj tshuaj molding thiab pouring molding feem ntau yog siv.
Ib qho kev tiv thaiv condensation hom (ntub cua vulcanized) silicone roj hmab, tuaj yeem siv rau lub tsev sealant thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev siv hluav taws xob, chav tsev kub vulcanized silicone roj hmab txheej, los ntawm kev txau ua cov khoom tiv thaiv ceramic insulators.
Silicone roj hmab rau polymer insulators
Silicone roj hmab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom raws li nws siv.
3.1 Silicone roj hmab uas muaj txhuas hydroxide
Silicone roj hmab nrog cov dej xau zoo thiab arc tsis kam tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom ntim siab ntawm txhuas hydroxide (ATH). Silicone roj hmab ntim nrog 50 pawg ntawm txhuas hydroxide muaj peev xwm tiv taus siab voltage (4.5kV) to, thiab muaj qhov zoo arc tsis kam, huab cua tsis kam, ntsev tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kua qaub los nag, tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam. hnyav ntsev tsuag. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias cov roj hmab silicone no muaj siab puv ATH, yog li nws qhov tsis zoo yog cov viscosity siab (yas), tsis muaj zog txhua yam, thiab lwm yam.
3.2 Silicone roj hmab tsis muaj txhuas hydroxide
Hauv cov cheeb tsam xws li cov teb chaws Europe hauv av uas tsis muaj ntsev tsuag, silicone roj hmab tsis muaj ATH tuaj yeem siv vim nws cov pa phem tsawg. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, los ntawm kev xaiv cov roj hmab silicone uas tsim nyog, kev kho mob dawb carbon dub, ntxiv tuaj yeem txhim kho cov dej ntws tawm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev los txhim kho nws cov hydrophobicity, kom ua tau raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov dej ntws tawm. Piv nrog rau ATH uas muaj cov roj hmab silicone, nws muaj qis viscosity, zoo dua lub cev thiab txhua yam khoom thiab cov khoom hluav taws xob.
3.3 Sab nraum zoov cable accessories
Vim tias nws yog ib qho khoom siv sab nraum zoov, nws yuav tsum muaj cov kab mob tiv thaiv kom to. Cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov khoom siv elongation tsawg
3.4 Rau sab hauv tsev cable accessories
Vim hais tias nws yog ib qho cable haum rau kev siv sab hauv tsev, nws tsis zoo li yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag ntsev, yog li nws feem ntau tsis tas yuav muaj cov kab mob tawm tsam. Nws tseem yog qhov tsim nyog kom muaj cov yam ntxwv deformation tsawg nyob qhov twg qhov shrinkage ntawm chav tsev kub (cryogenic shrinkage) yog siv.
3.5 Daim ntawv thov txheej
Yog hais tias nws yog txau rau ntawm qhov hnyav hnyav ntawm silicone roj hmab txheej, nws tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo hydrophobicity rau lub sijhawm ntev. Lub insulator kuj tuaj yeem coated raws li cov pa phem theem kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv txuas ntxiv thiab txuag nqi. Nws tau raug tshaj tawm tias yog silicone roj hmab insulators coated, hydrophobicity ntawm insulators tuaj yeem khaws cia ntxiv. Tam sim no, muaj ob hom coated insulator thiab roj hmab insulator.